{"id":1787,"date":"2009-09-03T20:27:51","date_gmt":"2009-09-03T18:27:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sprogmuseet.dk\/?p=1787"},"modified":"2009-09-03T20:27:51","modified_gmt":"2009-09-03T18:27:51","slug":"ja-kreolsprog-er-anderledes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sprogmuseet.schwa.dk\/index.php\/2009\/09\/03\/ja-kreolsprog-er-anderledes\/","title":{"rendered":"Ja, kreolsprog er anderledes"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Jeg skrev <a href=\"http:\/\/sprogmuseet.dk\/sprog\/er-kreolsprog-anderledes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">for nylig<\/a> om kreolsprog. Mikael Parkvall (Stockholms Universitet) havde bevist at kreolsprog var blandt de mindst komplekse i verden, p\u00e5 basis af en omfattende gennemgang af n\u00e6sten 200 sprog fra alle verdensdele.<\/p>\n<p>Men betyder det ogs\u00e5 at kreolsprog er anderledes end andre sprog? Har de nogle strukturelle tr\u00e6k som adskiller dem fra ikke-kreolsprog? Svaret er ja. Vi kan ikke afsl\u00f8re hele beviset for det endnu, men her kommer en del.<\/p>\n<p><!--more-->Aymeric Daval-Markussen og jeg har unders\u00f8gt sp\u00f8rgsm\u00e5let fra tre forskellige vinkler.<\/p>\n<p>Vi har sammenlignet 33 engelsk-baserede (dvs. med engelsk ordforr\u00e5d) kreolsprog, baseret p\u00e5 50 s\u00e6tninger som er blevet oversat til alle disse sprog. Vi har identificeret 60 egenskaber som kan f\u00f8res tilbage til leksik (fx \u201dbruger de et portugisisk ord for \u201dh\u00e5nd?&#8221;, bruger de \/f\/ eller \/t\/ i ordet for \u201dmund?&#8221;) og 62 tr\u00e6k som er strukturelle, fx \u201dbruger sproget ordet <em>dem<\/em> til at udtrykke flertal?&#8221; eller \u201dst\u00e5r negationer foran verberne?&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Og s\u00e5 har vi brugt et computerprogram som blev udviklet af biologer til at formere fylogenetiske tr\u00e6er og netv\u00e6rk. De viser hvordan forskellige arter har udviklet sig gennem tiderne. Og det viser sig, at man f\u00e5r de samme tre grupper, uanset om man bruger leksikale eller strukturelle tr\u00e6k.<\/p>\n<p>S\u00e5\u00a0 har vi ogs\u00e5 taget typiske egenskaber ved kreolsprog, fra den her bog:<\/p>\n<div class=\"mceTemp mceIEcenter\">\n<dl id=\"attachment_1799\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"width: 514px;\">\n<dt class=\"wp-caption-dt\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.battlebridge.com\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1799\" title=\"kreolforside\" src=\"http:\/\/sprogmuseet.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/kreolforside.png\" alt=\"x\" width=\"504\" height=\"325\" \/><\/a><\/dt>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<p>De gule lande viser hvor f\u00f8lgende 18 kreolsprog tales, og man kan se at de er spredte over hele det tropiske omr\u00e5de. Her er sprogene, fordelt over hvor ordforr\u00e5det kommer fra, og hvor de tales:<\/p>\n<p>Portugisisk:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 Angolaportugisisk\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sao Tom\u00e9, Guineabugten \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 AN<br \/>\n&#8220;\u2013&#8221; \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Capverdeansk\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kap Verde \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CV<br \/>\n&#8220;\u2013&#8221;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kriol\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sierra Leone, Guineakysten\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 KL<br \/>\n&#8220;\u2013&#8221;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Korlai\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sydindien\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 KO<br \/>\nNederlandsk:\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Berbice\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Karibien\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 BD<br \/>\n&#8220;\u2013&#8221; \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 Negerhollands\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Jomfru\u00f8erne, Karibien\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 NH<br \/>\nFransk: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dominikansk\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Karibien\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 DM<br \/>\n&#8220;\u2013&#8221;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Haitiansk\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Haiti, Karibien\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 HA<br \/>\n&#8220;\u2013&#8221;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Seselwa\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Indiske Ocean\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 SE<br \/>\nEngelsk: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Jamaikansk\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Karibien\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 JA<br \/>\n&#8220;\u2013&#8221;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Krio\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Vestafrika\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 KR<br \/>\n&#8220;\u2013&#8221;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ndyuka\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Karibien, Suriname, Sydamerika\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ND<br \/>\n&#8220;\u2013&#8221;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tok Pisin\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Papua New Guinea\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 TP<br \/>\nArabisk: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nubi\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Centralafrika\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 NB<br \/>\nIndisk: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nagamese \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nord\u00f8stindien\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 NG<br \/>\nSpansk: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Palenquero \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 Sydamerika, Colombia \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 PL<br \/>\n&#8220;\u2013&#8221;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Zamboangueno\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Stillehavet, Filipinerne \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 ZM<br \/>\nSpansk\/Portugisisk:\u00a0\u00a0 Papiamentu\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Karibien\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 PP<\/p>\n<p>N\u00e5r vi bygger tr\u00e6er eller netv\u00e6rk med denne software, s\u00e5 f\u00e5r vi s\u00e5dan et netv\u00e6rk:<\/p>\n<div class=\"mceTemp mceIEcenter\">\n<dl id=\"attachment_1804\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"width: 458px;\">\n<dt class=\"wp-caption-dt\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1804\" title=\"KreolNet1\" src=\"http:\/\/sprogmuseet.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/KreolNet1.png\" alt=\"x\" width=\"448\" height=\"368\" \/><\/dt>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<p>Hvis man pr\u00f8ver at finde et system i det, s\u00e5 er der faktisk kun to observationer men kan g\u00f8re.<\/p>\n<p>For det f\u00f8rste er GB (Guinea-Bissau kreol) og CV (kapverdisk) t\u00e6t forbundne. Og vi ved at de er historisk forbundne, selvom det ene tales p\u00e5 Afrikas fastland og det andet p\u00e5 en \u00f8gruppe.<\/p>\n<p>For det andet: for resten er det temmelig vanskeligt at finde et system i det: sprogene er ikke grupperet efter hvor de tales (fx Afrika). Sprogene grupperes heller ikke efter ordforr\u00e5dssproget eller (og det er ikke indikeret i skemaet) hvilken type kreolsprog det er: fort-kreol, maroon-kreol eller plantage-kreol. Det betyder s\u00e5 at disse kreolsprog har, uanset deres meget forskellige sociale, geografiske og sproglige r\u00f8dder, lige meget, eller lige lidt, til f\u00e6lles med hinanden.<\/p>\n<p>Men hvordan forholder dette udvalg af 18 kreolsprog sig til ikke-kreolsprog? Vi har tilf\u00f8jet otte ikke-kreolsprog. Fire er decideret blandt de mindst komplekse ikke-kreolsprog, og fire af dem er de mindst komplekse i deres sprogfamilje, eller isolat.<\/p>\n<p>Sprog med kun begr\u00e6nsede morfologiske midler (som kreolsprog)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mina\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Vest-tjadisk\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Afroasiatisk\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (Cameroon)<\/li>\n<li>Mandarin\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kinesisk\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 Sino-tibetansk\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (Kina)<\/li>\n<li>Koyra Chiini\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Songhay\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nilo-Sahara \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (Mali)<\/li>\n<li>Indonesisk\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 0.26\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Austronesisk\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 (Indonesien)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Andre sprog, men stadig blandt de mest enkle:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pirah\u00e3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 0.18\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mura\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Amerind \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (Brasilien)<\/li>\n<li>Brahui\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 0.35\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dravidisk \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (Sydasien)<\/li>\n<li>Ainu\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 0.39\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 isolat\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (Japan)<\/li>\n<li>Yukaghir\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 0.36\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 isolat eller altaisk\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (Sibirien)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Herunder pr\u00e6senterer vi to forskellige modeller, den f\u00f8rste er en \u201dsplit-decomposition network\u201d, og den anden en \u201dneighbor net\u201d model. Den store forskel mellem de to modeller er, at den f\u00f8rste tager \u201dkrydsninger\u201d (horizontal pavirkning, kontakt, blanding) i betragtning og den anden bygger udelukkende p\u00e5 ligheder og forskelle som om de var arvet fra en forfader. Ikke-kreolsprog gengives med store bogstaver, og kreolsprogene med normale bogstaver. Det er nemt at se at kreolsprog adskiller sig markant fra ikke-kreolsprog, i begge modeller.<\/p>\n<div class=\"mceTemp mceIEcenter\">\n<dl id=\"attachment_1806\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"width: 519px;\">\n<dt class=\"wp-caption-dt\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1806\" title=\"KreolAnalyse2\" src=\"http:\/\/sprogmuseet.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/KreolAnalyse2.png\" alt=\"x\" width=\"509\" height=\"397\" \/><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"wp-caption-dd\"><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mceTemp mceIEcenter\">\n<dl id=\"attachment_1807\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"width: 378px;\">\n<dt class=\"wp-caption-dt\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1807\" title=\"KreolAnalyse3\" src=\"http:\/\/sprogmuseet.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/KreolAnalyse3.png\" alt=\"x\" width=\"368\" height=\"390\" \/><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"wp-caption-dd\"><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<p>Kreolsprogene grupperer sig forskelligt, men de er tydeligvis adskilt fra ikke-kreolsprog i begge modeller. Disse tr\u00e6er eller netv\u00e6rk er baseret p\u00e5 kriterier udviklet for kreolsprog, is\u00e6r dem fra Atlanterhavet. Der er s\u00e5 ikke nogle ikke-kreolsprog der grupperes med de kreolsprog, hvor forskellige s\u00e5 den sidste gruppe er. Ogs\u00e5 de mindst komplekse sprog og de sprog der har mindst morfologi, adskiller sig tydeligt fra kreolsprogene.<\/p>\n<p>Konklusion: Kreolsprog er anderledes.<\/p>\n<p>Den software vi har brugt er Hudson &amp; Bryant, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.splitstree.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Splitstree 4.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Vi har ogs\u00e5 brugt en tredje metode, hvor vi har brugt tr\u00e6k af verdens sprog, for at se hvor kreolsprog passer ind. Det er endnu mere overbevisende. Men det kan vi ikke afsl\u00f8re endnu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jeg skrev for nylig om kreolsprog. Mikael Parkvall (Stockholms Universitet) havde bevist at kreolsprog var blandt de mindst komplekse i verden, p\u00e5 basis af en omfattende gennemgang af n\u00e6sten 200 sprog fra alle verdensdele. Men betyder det ogs\u00e5 at kreolsprog er anderledes end andre sprog? Har de nogle strukturelle tr\u00e6k som adskiller dem fra ikke-kreolsprog?&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/sprogmuseet.schwa.dk\/index.php\/2009\/09\/03\/ja-kreolsprog-er-anderledes\/\">L\u00e6s mere <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Ja, kreolsprog er anderledes<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[1542,1599,1600,1712,2197,2751,2787,2830,3158],"class_list":["post-1787","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sprog","tag-kompleksitet","tag-kreol","tag-kreolsprog","tag-leksikon","tag-ordforrad","tag-splitstree-4","tag-sprogkort","tag-sprogteknologi","tag-truede-sprog","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sprogmuseet.schwa.dk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1787","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sprogmuseet.schwa.dk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sprogmuseet.schwa.dk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sprogmuseet.schwa.dk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sprogmuseet.schwa.dk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1787"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sprogmuseet.schwa.dk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1787\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sprogmuseet.schwa.dk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1787"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sprogmuseet.schwa.dk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1787"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sprogmuseet.schwa.dk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1787"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}